カディススペイン

スペイン南西部のアンダルシアの自治自治区（自治コミュニティ）にあるカディス県（県）のカディス、市、首都、主要港。この都市は、カディス湾（大西洋の入口）に伸びる細長い半島に位置しています。周囲が6〜7マイル（9.5〜11 km）であり、海に囲まれており、そこから壁で保護されているため、この都市には1つの出口しかありません。

クイズ

あなたはそれに名前を付けます！

スイスのラテン語の名前は何ですか？

伝統的には、紀元前1100年からタイヤのフェニキア人商人によってガディール（「囲い」を意味する）として設立されたと言われ、カルタゴ人が約501紀元前に占領しました。1980年とそれ以前の2つの別々の場所でのフェニキアの石棺の発見により、街のフェニキア人の起源は信用されました。

第二次ポエニ戦争の終わりに、都市は喜んでローマに降伏し、それ以来、ガデスとして、繁栄は着実に増加しました。スペインで最も古く、最も保存状態の良いローマ劇場は、1980年にポプロ郊外で発見されました。5世紀に、街は西ゴート族によって破壊されました。カズリがカスティーリャのアルフォンソXによって捕獲され再建されたとき、ジャズラトカーディスと改名されたこの港に対するムーア人の支配は、711年から1262年まで続きました。

Its renewed prosperity dated from the discovery of America in 1492, when it became the headquarters of the Spanish treasure fleets. During the 16th century it repelled a series of raids by Barbary corsairs; in 1587 its harbour shipping was burned by an English squadron under Sir Francis Drake. After being blockaded (1797–98) and bombarded (1800) by the British, it was besieged by the French in 1810–12, during which time it served as the capital of all of Spain not under the control of Napoleon. There the Cortes (Spanish parliament) met and enacted the famous liberal constitution of March 1812.

The loss of the Spanish colonies in the Americas dealt a blow to the trade of Cádiz from which it never recovered. Its decline was later accelerated by the disasters of the Spanish-American War of 1898 and by its antiquated harbour works. After 1900, considerable improvements were made in quayside construction, and recovery proceeded steadily. In the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) Cádiz fell to the Nationalists almost at once and served as an important port of entry for reinforcements from Spanish Morocco. In 1947 the city suffered great damage from the explosion of a naval arms store.

Industrial development is rather limited, but important naval and mercantile shipbuilding yards and various factories exist on the mainland (metalworking and food processing), and there are tuna fisheries off the coast. The city is primarily a commercial port, exporting wine (principally sherry from Jerez de la Frontera), salt, olives, figs, cork, and salted fish and importing coal, iron and machinery, timber, cereals, coffee, and other foodstuffs. Several shipping lines call there, and passenger traffic is important, mainly to the Canary Islands. A military airfield and a Spanish-U.S. air base, Rota, are nearby. Along the Bay of Cádiz, a metropolitan area has formed with a commercial centre.

Notable landmarks include the old cathedral, originally built by Alfonso X of Castile (1252–84) and rebuilt after 1596; and the Baroque cathedral, begun in 1722 and completed in 1838, where the composer Manuel de Falla (1876–1946) is buried and which holds a magnificent collection of art treasures. Other landmarks include San Sebastián and Santa Catalina castles, numerous museums, and the famous Torre de Vigía (100 feet [30 metres]), a signal tower in the centre of the city. Cádiz’s lively annual carnival, held the week leading up to Shrove Tuesday, includes processions, costumes, music, dancing, and contests. The celebration is modeled after the renowned carnivals of Venice, which had an active trade with Cádiz in the 16th century. Pop. (2007 est.) 128,554.