軍事ユニット軍

軍事ユニット。所定のサイズと、より大きな軍事組織内での特定の戦闘または支援の役割を持つグループ。古代古典世界の主な軍事部隊は、ギリシャ人の指輪とローマ人の軍団でした。現代の軍隊で使用されていた部隊は、中世の終わりの後にプロの軍隊がヨーロッパに再び現れた16〜18世紀に起源を持っています。それ以来、会社、大隊、旅団、師団の基本部隊は維持されている。

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軍隊、海軍、および空軍は、階級が次第に低くなる将校によって指揮される次第に小さなユニットに階層的に編成されます。典型的なユニットは軍のユニットです。軍隊の最小単位は分隊で、7人から14人の兵士を含み、軍曹が率いています。 （わずかに大きいユニットとは、10〜40人の兵士で構成されるセクションですが、通常は本部または支援組織内でのみ使用されます。）3〜4個の分隊が小隊を構成し、20〜50人の兵士がいて、中尉が指揮します。 2人以上の小隊が1つの会社を構成し、100〜250人の兵士がいて、船長または少佐が指揮しています。管理の機能は、軍曹によって管理され、補給、維持、または他のセクションを含む本部小隊の形で、このレベルで導入されます。

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Two or more companies make up a battalion, which has 400 to 1,200 troops and is commanded by a lieutenant colonel. The battalion is the smallest unit to have a staff of officers (in charge of personnel, operations, intelligence, and logistics) to assist the commander. Several battalions form a brigade, which has 2,000 to 8,000 troops and is commanded by a brigadier general or a colonel. (The term regiment can signify either a battalion or a brigade in different countries’ armies.) A brigade is the smallest unit to integrate different types of combat and support units into a functional organization. A combat brigade, for example, usually has infantry, armour, artillery, and reconnaissance units.

Two or more brigades, along with various specialized battalions, make up a division, which has 7,000 to 22,000 troops and is commanded by a major general. A division contains all the arms and services needed for the independent conduct of military operations. Two to seven divisions and various support units make up an army corps, or a corps, which has 50,000 to 300,000 troops and is commanded by a lieutenant general. The army corps is the largest regular army formation, though in wartime two or more corps may be combined to form a field army (commanded by a general), and field armies in turn may be combined to form an army group.

Naval units follow somewhat more-flexible organizational guidelines. Administratively, several ships of the same type (e.g., destroyers) are organized into a squadron. Several squadrons in turn form a flotilla, several of which in turn form a fleet. For operations, however, many navies organize their vessels into task units (3–5 ships), task or battle groups (4–10 ships), task forces (2–5 task groups), and fleets (several task forces).

The basic fighting unit in an air force is the squadron, which consists of several aircraft of the same type—e.g., fighters, and often of the same model—e.g., F-16s. Three to six flying squadrons and their support squadrons make up a wing. (An intermediate unit between the squadron and the wing is the air group or group, which consists of two to four squadrons.) Several wings are sometimes combined to form an air division or an air force.