レディバードジョンソン、アメリカ合衆国のファーストレディー

レディバードジョンソン、クラウディアアルタテイラー（1912年12月22日、テキサス州カーナック生まれ、2007年7月11日死亡、テキサス州オースティン）米国の第36代大統領、および環境保護論者は美化に力を入れたことで注目された。

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繁栄している実業家であるトーマスジェファーソンテイラーとミニーパティロテイラーの娘であるクローディアアルタテイラーは、家族のナースメイドの提案で「レディバード」の愛称で呼ばれました。 1918年に母親が亡くなった後、レディバードは家族と一緒に暮らすようになった叔母に育てられました。彼女の子供時代は非常に孤独でした、そして、彼女が読書の彼女の愛と自然の静けさに対する彼女の彼女の敬意を育んだのはこれらの年の間にそれがそうであったことを後に彼女は述べました。異常に明るく、彼女は地元の学校に通い、15歳で高校を卒業しました。後に彼女はテキサス州ダラスのセントメアリーズエピスコパルスクールフォーガールズに通い、執筆への関心を追求しました。

At the University of Texas at Austin, which she entered in 1930, she enjoyed many luxuries that most other students could not afford, such as her own car and charge account, but she had already developed the very careful spending habits that would characterize her later in life. After finishing a bachelor’s degree in history in 1933, she remained an additional year to take a degree in journalism. Her training in this field helped her to develop skills that she would later use in her relations with the press.

She met Lyndon Baines Johnson in the summer of 1934, and he proposed almost immediately. They were married at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in San Antonio, Texas, on November 17, 1934. After several miscarriages, Lady Bird gave birth to two daughters, Lynda Bird in 1944 and Luci Baines in 1947.

In 1937 Lady Bird used $10,000 of her inheritance to support Lyndon’s first congressional campaign. After his election, she assisted constituents visiting the capital by showing them the main tourist attractions of the city. In 1941–42, while Lyndon was serving in the military (Lyndon was the first congressman to volunteer for active duty in World War II), she ran his congressional office and further developed her skills at handling his constituents.

In 1943, with more of Lady Bird’s inherited money, the Johnsons purchased a radio station in Austin, and Lady Bird took over as manager. Although it was never clear how much of her ensuing success was due to her own decisions and how much to Lyndon’s political connections or to sheer luck, her interest and expertise were genuine, and she continued to be active in managerial decisions long after the station became profitable.

As her husband’s political career advanced and he became a powerful figure in Washington, D.C., Lady Bird participated in his campaigns but shied away from giving speeches, preferring to shake hands and write letters instead. After taking a course in public speaking in 1959, however, she became an excellent extemporaneous speaker. In 1960, when Lyndon was nominated for vice president on the Democratic ticket with John F. Kennedy, she actively campaigned throughout the South, and Robert Kennedy later said that she had carried Texas for the Democrats.

Lady Bird used the three years of her husband’s vice presidency to hire an expert staff, including Liz Carpenter, a seasoned reporter, who served as both staff director and press secretary. Carpenter helped to portray Lady Bird in the best possible light when, after the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963, she faced unfavourable comparisons with her stunning predecessor, Jacqueline Kennedy.

In the election of 1964, Lady Bird campaigned vigorously. Although Lyndon’s strong stand on civil rights had made him a pariah in many parts of the South, she insisted that no state be written off. From her campaign train, dubbed the “Lady Bird Special,” she rode through seven Southern states, urging voters to support her husband.

Following his election, she moved to establish her own record as first lady. She concentrated on Head Start, a program aimed at helping preschool children who were from disadvantaged backgrounds. But she became most closely identified with an environmental program, called “beautification,” that sought to encourage people to make their surroundings more attractive, whether they were wide-open spaces or crowded urban neighbourhoods. To encourage private donations, she formed the First Lady’s Committee for a More Beautiful Capital.

In an attempt to improve the appearance of the nation’s highways, she urged Congress to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which was strenuously opposed by billboard advertisers. Her involvement in the legislation was highly unusual, and, though she received some criticism, the bill (in diluted form) passed Congress and became law in October 1965.

After Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection in 1968, Lady Bird continued a busy round of official activities but also prepared for retirement in Texas. There she continued the interests that had long sustained her, especially her family and environmental concerns, including the National Wildflower Research Center (now the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center). Although she occasionally made political appearances for her son-in-law, Virginia governor (and later senator) Charles Robb, she dedicated most of her time to the family business and her grandchildren.

Early in her White House tenure, she began to record her impressions in daily tape recordings. A fraction of the thousands of hours she taped became the basis of her book, A White House Diary (1970), which was one of the most complete and revealing accounts ever left by a president’s wife.

Following her husband’s death in 1973 she divided her time between the LBJ ranch and her home in Austin. She could take satisfaction in the fact that Americans typically ranked her in the top half dozen of all first ladies.